#查看硬盘信息
lshw -class disk
#查看硬盘结构
lsblk
#查看分区信息
fdisk -l

#分区 假定新硬盘为 sdb 根据上面 fdisk -l 结果根据实际情况修改
fdisk /dev/sdb
: '
n  # 创建新分区
p  # 创建为主分区
1  # 选择一个默认分区
t  # 更改分区类型选择
L  # 列出可选所有分区类型
8e # 选择 Linux LVM 类型
w  # 保存
'
#2T以上硬盘分区
parted /dev/sdb
mklabel gpt
mkpart primary 0 -1
print
quit

#格式化	mkfs.ext4
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb

#挂载mount
mkdir /mnt/sdb
mount /dev/sdb /mnt/sdb

#查看uuid
blkid
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid
vol_id /dev/sda1
#开机自启
vi /etc/fstab
UUID= / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID= / /sda ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb /mnt/sdb ext4 defaults 0 0

#查看磁盘信息 -h以人们较易阅读的 GBytes, MBytes, KBytes 等格式自行显示 -T文件系统类型
df -h
#查看文件(夹)大小 --max-depth=1文件夹深度 your_dest_dir要查看的文件夹路径，默认当前路径
du -h --max-depth=1 dir

##dd 磁盘操作 if写进 of写出 可用于备份和制作镜像
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/root/cd1.iso


##LVM 操作
pvs
lvs
vgs
vgremove VG01

#初始化物理卷(Physical volume) /dev/sdb1
pvcreate /dev/sdb1
#vgdisplay 查看已有卷组(Volume group)信息
vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <15.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3839
  Alloc PE / Size       3839 / <15.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               
#将 /dev/sdb1 扩展centos 卷组 
vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
#pvdisplay 查看已有的物理卷信息
pvdisplay
 --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <15.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3839
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          3839
  PV UUID               

  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <1000.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              255999
  Free PE               3071
  Allocated PE          252928
  PV UUID               
  
#lvdisplay 显示逻辑卷
lvdisplay
 --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-11-08 21:34:38 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                1001.39 GiB
  Current LE             256357
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

#增加逻辑卷大小 lvextend + Total PE + LV Path
lvextend -L +255999 /dev/centos/root
lvextend -L +100G /dev/centos/root
lvextend -l 100%free /dev/uos/root
#退出LVM
exit
#刷新目录 重新识别分区大小 resize2fs报错用xfs_growfs 后面使用LV Path
resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
#检查是否成功
df -h
#减少逻辑卷
#lvreduce [新的 LVM 大小] [现有逻辑卷名称]
lvreduce -L 80G /dev/mapper/centos-home
lvreduce -L 80G /dev/mapper/rl-home
##转移空间
# 设置home分区大小为100G，释放300G空间 [LV Path]
lvreduce -L 100G /dev/mapper/rl-home
#File system reduce is required and not supported (xfs)
#先备份home下的文件然后，卸载home删除home卷后重新创建
fuser -km /home
umount /home
lvremove /dev/mapper/rl-home
lvcreate -L 80G -n /dev/mapper/rl-home
mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/rl-home
mount /dev/mapper/rl-home #(或者mount -a )
# 将空闲空间扩展到root分区 [LV Path]
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/rl-root
# 使用XFS文件系统自带的命令集增加分区空间 [Filesystem]
xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rl-root
sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
#centos exfat mount
yum install -y fuse-exfat
#找不到软件包 添加rpmfusion源
curl -OL http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/rpmfusion-free-release-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh rpmfusion-free-release-7.noarch.rpm
yum install -y fuse-exfat
mount /dev/sdc1 sdc1